This paper was delivered at an international workshop, "The Radius of Empire," organized by the University of Innsbruck and the University of Tsukuba. The presentation explored the actual use of seals (symbola) employed during the tribute collection procedures of the Delian League, as described in the "Kleinias Decree" issued in the mid-420s BCE. Additionally, it examined to what extent the idea of using seals in imperial administration might have drawn on knowledge of Achaemenid administrative practices. The study aimed to demonstrate that the reach of the Achaemenid Empire—specifically, the Persian Empire—extended as far as the Delian League, centered on Athens, through the lens of seal usage.
