Chapter2: The Two Ways Processes of Environmental Management Control Systems-Attention to Inside and Outside of Companies-
When companies try to tackle the Environment in the long term, they tend to construct Environmental Management Control Systems. This paper elucidates the process and features of Environmental Management Control Systems(EMC) inside and outside of companies. The internal process has been clear - ① Formulation of Goals and Policies,②Collection of Information and Utilisation,③Supporting Decisions,④Controls and Implementation,⑤Internal and External Communication by previous researches. Then I compared EMC to MC (Management Control Systems). I found the most important point of EMC is the last stage - “Communication”. Because of the lack of sufficient descriptions about Environmental Communication in previous studies, I have tried to be clear about this point in my case study. My case study is on Panasonic Corporation (Old Name:Matsushita Refrigeration Company) and NGO Greenpeace. In Japan,the outside process is ①interaction,②open innovation,③CSV(Creating Shared Value).
