The majority of investments of joint ventures are reported by using the equity method．But it cannot be applied for partnership joint ventures．For investment in partnerships， partnership accounting is used．For certain such as real estate，oil and construction，since joint ventures have certain attributes，proportionate consolidation is used in reporting the investments．In most cases，each of the investors will not own more than 50 percent of the joint venture stocks．（pp．107－111）（共著者：村松司叙、渡辺健一、徳永善昭、対木隆英、坂野友昭、佐藤正雄）
